Meta-Ethnographic Research Proposal

I.INTRODUCTION

The COVID-19 pandemic has been striking massive people creating gigantic and terrifying adversity around the world. At the time of this writing, the outbreak confirmed almost one fifty-eight million cases (as of 10 May 2021) of coronavirus worldwide (with the United States of America hitting the highest number of cases comprising 63 million infected individuals). Tragically, more than three million people have died (WHO, 2021).

The Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its first outbreak reported to World Health Organization (WHO) was connected to Pneumonia cases at a wildlife market in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2020. COVID-19 struck the Chinese nation in few weeks before it invaded the world by storm. Coronavirus outbreak was declared by WHO as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 can be zoonotic that transfer from bats to humans. Scientists reported that COVID-19 may be circulating in bats from Japan, China, and Thailand (Briggs, 2020).

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that multiplies through droplets of saliva or mucus when an infected person sneeze, cough, or talk. The virus can also spread via the consumption of fecal matter or aerosols. Sneezing could produce 40,000 droplets while coughing 3,000 droplets and talking 600 droplets. The virus can travel from three to six feet and infect from four to forty-eight hours depending on the environmental conditions. Distancing six feet away from others and washing hands for more than 20 seconds are good rules to protect yourself from COVID-19. The virus lives longer on surfaces- 4 hours on coppers, 24 hours on cardboard, and 72 hours on plastic and stainless steel. Alcohol with at least 60% solution can kill the virus. COVID-19 like other coronavirus looks like a sphere with a corona or crown in a form of the spike protein. The spiky structure helps the coronavirus fasten the cells that it will invade. It invades the cells through the eyes, mouth, and nose until it finds compatible receptors-for SARS-COV-2, the lung and gut cells. Once inside, the RNA virus infected the cells and these infected cells create a copy of the virus. New copies were brought outside of the cells. Then, infect other host cells. The common diagnostic symptoms of the infected individual are fever (87.9%), dry cough (67.7%), fatigue (38.1%), phlegm production (33.4%), shortness of breath (18.6%), and joint and muscle pain (14.8%). COVID-19 constitutes a threat to people with an existing illness or health issues: Cardiovascular disease (10.5%), Diabetes (7.3%), chronic lung disease (6.3%), High blood pressure (6%), Cancer (5.6%), and 0.9% No condition. A swab test is done to diagnose the presence of coronavirus. To develop immunity to COVID-19, vaccines may contain “killed or weakened virus, viral proteins, or viral genetic material” (Eckert, 2020).

The leading COVID-19 vaccines that had made it to phase three and beyond were from Pfizer-BioNTech(US and Germany),  Moderna(US), Gamaleya(Russia), Oxford-AstraZeneca (UK and Sweden), CanSino(China), Johnson & Johnson(US and Belgium), Vector Institute(Russia), Novavax (US), Sinopharm(China), Sinovac(China), Sinopharm-Wuhan(China), Bharat Biotech(India), CureVac(Germany), AnGes(Japan), Zydus Cadila(India), Anhui Zhifei Longcom and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(China), Medicago(Canada), Beijing Institute of Biological Products (China), Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems(Kazakhstan), Institute of Medical Biology at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(China),  and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (Australia)(Zimmer, 2020). A new threat to the public health authorities and efficacies of the vaccines after a year of the pandemic is the emergence of coronavirus Variants: B.1.1.7 (UK), B.1.1.7+E484K (UK), B.1.351(South Africa), P1(Brazil), B.1.427 and B.1.429 lineages (California or West Coast variants), B.1.525 (Nigeria), B.1.525 (USA), P.3 (Philippines), B.1.616 (France), B.1.617.1 (India), B.1.617.2(India), B.1.617.3 (India), B.1.620 (Unclear), B.1.621 (Columbia), B.1.214.2 (Unclear), A.23.1+E484K (UK), A.27 (Unclear), A.28 (Unclear), C.16 (Unclear), C.37 (Peru), B.1.351+P384L (South Africa), B.1.351+E516Q (Unclear), B.1.1.7+L452R (UK), B.1.1.7+S494P (UK), C.36+L452R (Egypt), AT.1 (Russia), B.1.526 (USA), B.1.526.1 (USA), B.1.526.2 (USA), B.1.1.318 (Unclear), P.2 (Brazil). Montefiori has shown “that the California variants with L452R mutations are two to three times less susceptible to antibodies from vaccines and convalescent serum samples”(Mishra 2021).

II.Research Questions & Problems

To present how the pandemic is altering Yoga, the questions concerning the research subject are proposed as follows:

The main research question is as follows:

1.What are the visible changes amidst the pandemic in Yoga?

2.What are the analytical themes of the articles written by researchers or scholars about Yoga?

3.What are the best tools for Data Visualization to be presented on the websites?

4.What is the suitable model for research and project management at the area of information systems

III. Aims

The researchers will conduct systematic literature review to

(1) identify how the pandemic is altering Yoga applying investigative lens at how Yoga practitioners are responding to the social, political, and economic changes produced by COVID-19,

(2) identify the articles written by researchers or scholars about Yoga, categorize them into analytical themes, and present them as Data Visualization in the website.

(3) synthesize the lessons learned from these approaches and develop an agenda for major themes that needs further research or discourse.

IV.Theoretical Framework of Research

With regard to overview of literature review and the related works at the area of Yoga and information system, the elements and components below have been identified.

To be continued…